Past Quick Shots
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High School Students Present at the Omega Laser Facility Users Group Workshop
The Fifth Omega Laser Facility Users Group Workshop was held 24–26 April 2013. This year, presentations included posters given by three participants in LLE's 2012 Summer High School Research Program. Emily Armstrong (left), who attends Our Lady of Mercy High School, was a semifinalist in the 2013 Intel Science Talent Search competition. Christa Caggiano (center) attends Victor Senior High School, and Raz Rivlis (right) attends Brighton High School. A more detailed description of their projects is available here. This summer the Summer High School Research Program will begin its 25th year on 8 July 2013.
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2013 Technology Woman of the Year Nominee, Amy Rigatti
Optical Manufacturing Group Leader, Amy Rigatti, was recently nominated for the 2013 Technology Woman of the Year by Digital Rochester. She was recognized for sustained contributions to her field, advancing the status, opportunities, and employment for women in the technology profession, and her community service in the Rochester area. Amy has worked at the Laboratory for over 22 years, is a member of the Optical Society of America, and is on the program committee for SPIE's Boulder Damage Symposium. She has also contributed to many technical papers in the area of high-damage-threshold optical coatings and regularly presents her work at professional meetings.
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XRTS Planar Target
Senior manufacturing engineer Karl Lintz inspects an x-ray Thomson-scattering (XRTS) planar cryogenic target that will be used to measure collective x-ray scattering from shocked liquid deuterium on OMEGA. The target, designed and fabricated entirely at LLE, has a 40° scattering geometry. XRTS is a primary diagnostic technique used to probe the plasma conditions of high-energy-density–physics plasmas created for inertial confinement fusion research or laboratory astrophysics experiments. XRTS research at LLE involves scientists from around the world.
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Rapid Turnaround of Experimental Data
Rapid turnaround of data is essential in conducting experiments at LLE and is made possible by the use of a new "film." Although the Omega Laser Facility conducts a one hour shot cycle, the configuration of the next shot is sometimes delayed until film processing is complete. A new approach using radiographic film provides critical feedback to experimentalists within minutes. Shown with a batch of processed radiographic film is principal investigator Channing Huntington (LLNL), along with scientists Hye-Sook Park (LLNL), Damiano Caprioli and Anatoly Spitkovsky (Princeton University), Gennady Fiksel (LLE), and Dmitri Ryutov (LLNL). They are examining data from an OMEGA EP shot as part of their study of astrophysical collisionless shocks.
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OMEGA EP Fires Five Beams
Seen in the upper left are four beamlines of OMEGA EP firing during a target shot. Riding along with those four beamlines is the 4ω probe illuminated in its housing in the lower right and next to the grating compressor chamber. The green irradiation stems from the frequency conversion of the primary infrared beam to the second harmonic or 527 nm. Remotely triggered, the image was captured from the top of the target area structure with no bay lights on.
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Programmable Spatial Light Modulator
Installed and being activated on OMEGA EP Beamlines 3 and 4, the programmable spatial light modulator (PSLIM) is being used to improve output beam uniformity, which currently limits UV energy delivered to target. PSLIM is a high-resolution, closed-loop beam-shaping system that consists of a spatial light modulator (shown above held by Matthew Barcys) installed at an image plane in the front end of each beamline. The spatial light modulator alters the beam profile by applying a phase term in a 2-D array to the beam such that a prescribed amount of energy is removed at the next spatial filter in the system. A dedicated, custom-built, wavefront sensor is used to provide feedback during beam shaping and achieve the desired near-field profile without adversely affecting the wavefront. Shown are (left to right) Seung-Whan Bahk, Matthew Barczys, and Mike Spilatro.
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LLE’s Science and Technology Seminar Series: Intersecting Humanity and Science
The Science and Technology Seminar series, hosted by LLE for over 28 years, features weekly presentations from experts in their fields. Recently, Dr. Catherine Cerulli, Director of the Susan B. Anthony Center for Women's Leadership and the Laboratory of Interpersonal Violence and Victimization and Associate Professor from the URMC Department of Psychiatry presented a talk on "Using a Public Health Approach to Reduce Violence." Her talk enhanced the awareness of domestic violence and called for finding better detection techniques. Dr. Cerulli (right) was introduced by Dr. Jie Qiao (left), who, along with Dr. Jacques Delettrez are chairing the S&T seminar series for the 2012–2013 academic year. A listing of upcoming and past seminars is available here.
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4ω Probe Diagnostic Activated
Shown is the first image obtained with the 4ω probe diagnostic implemented on the OMEGA EP Laser System. Operating at a wavelength of 263 nm, the probe beam illuminates a channel dug into a preformed plasma with a 1200-J infrared channeling beam. The f/2 focusing cone of the IR beam is shown in red. Data obtained with this diagnostic will provide a new view of plasmas relevant for inertial confinement fusion.
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Measuring Optics at 355 nm
Laboratory engineer Brittany Taylor is shown with a liquid crystal circular polarizer (LCP), an optic used in the IR portion of the OMEGA Laser System. This optic is being loaded onto the measuring area of the Exicor 450XT Mueller Matrix polarimeter. This instrument measures linear retardance, diattenuation, and rotation of optics in the ultraviolet region, specifically at 355 nm. We have observed significant amounts of optical rotation in the UV for LCP's, for which there are a variety of possible applications.
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Summer High School Research Program Participant Named Intel Semifinalist
Emily Armstrong has been named a semifinalist in the 2013 Intel Science Talent Search (Intel STS). Our 31st semifinalist and a student at Our Lady of Mercy High School, Armstrong was advised by scientists Brian Kruschwitz (left) and Matthew Barczys. She investigated the feasibility of using a Hartmann sensor to make wavefront measurements of high-power ultraviolet lasers. The Intel STS is often referred to as the "Junior Nobel Prize" and is the nation's oldest and most prestigious pre-college science competition, counting seven Nobel Prize winners among its alumni. LLE's Summer Research Program has produced 31 semifinalists, including 4 finalists, since its inception in 1989.
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New Damage Test Facility
The newly constructed Damage Testing Laboratory features a picosecond-pulse testing station (left to center) with a vacuum-damage-testing capability (vacuum chamber is on the front-left) and a nanosecond-pulse station shown on the center-to-right side. The members of the damage testing group are (left to right) Alexei Kozlov, Semyon Papernov, and Brittany Taylor. The fourth person in the picture is senior scientist Andrey Okishev, who designed and built the high-performance nanosecond-pulse laser.
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Staging Cryogenic Targets
In preparation for cryogenic target shots, Moving Cryostat Transfer Carts (MCTC) are positioned below the OMEGA Target Bay. One of the carts is partially seen (behind the support post) secured under the lower pylon. Cryogenic and Tritium Facility MCTC Technician, Desirée Whitaker, is shown securing one of the carts, while experimental operations technician, Matt Maslyn, prepares for the next cryogenic campaign.
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International Attendees of the 2012
OSA and APS Meetings Tour LLEThe 96th Annual Meeting of the Optical Society of America, Frontiers in Optics 2012, and the 28th meeting of the American Physical Society Division of Laser Science met for five days in Rochester. As part of the program, a variety of special events included a tour at LLE that brought together 48 individuals from 16 countries comprising 38 institutions and universities. The tour participants enjoyed viewing the OMEGA and OMEGA EP Laser Systems and interacting with the scientists, engineers, and students working here.
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The OMEGA EP 4ω Probe Diagnostic
The OMEGA EP 4ω probe diagnostic system will use a 10-ps, 263-nm laser pulse to illuminate target interactions. The light refracts through the plasma allowing various diagnostics to study laser–plasma interactions. An optical collection system will provide access to high-density, large-scale-length, laser-produced plasmas. LLE engineer Raymond Huff is shown characterizing the 4ω probe laser beam at a relay image plane of target chamber center, which is attached to the OMEGA EP target chamber (partially visible in the background).
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Mounting Cryogenic Targets
Cryogenic targets are assembled in a Class-100 cleanroom using a target assembly station consisting of a microscope, motion stages with micrometer positional control, and cameras. The assembler is shown attaching an 865-µm-diameter capsule to a 17-µm-diameter silicon-carbide fiber, as viewed in the computer monitor on the left. All the assembly and characterization processes are performed in the cleanroom environment to maintain the cleanliness of the target's surface. The target is then processed in the Cryogenic Target Handling System.
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Radially Polarized Laser Beams
Radially polarized beams are desirable for their advantages in laser cutting, high-resolution microscopy, and optical trapping. Christa Caggiano, a participant in LLE's Summer Research Program for High School Juniors, is shown holding a photoaligned liquid crystal device she made that converts linearly polarized light to radially polarized light. The background image is a previously captured far field of a radially polarized beam, which is a doughnut-shaped intensity distribution.
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Focal-Spot Testing for
NIF Polar-Drive OpticsAn equivalent-target-plane diagnostic has been constructed to evaluate phase plates used on either the National Ignition Facility (NIF), OMEGA 60, or OMEGA EP Laser Systems. The diagnostic was built on the same optical table that is used for ultraviolet holographic recording. An off-axis parabola (OAP) is used to expand a laser beam to the required clear aperture, while a second OAP is used to form either a magnified focal spot or quasi-near-field beam pattern. A NIF phase plate, shown positioned at the lower right, is being characterized within this test facility by optics engineers Jo Bunkenburg and Charles Kellogg.
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Target Bay Optics Inspections
Optics inspectors Scott Hylas (left) and Mark Bowman (right) examine the large UV-beam reflecting mirrors on OMEGA's north-end mirror structure. Working 15 ft off the ground floor, Scott is also harnessed to the structure. There are a total of 120 large mirrors, with the second set residing on the target mirror structure (white containers seen in the Quick Shot from 08/01/11). The sixty focusing lenses and distributed phase plates found near the target chamber are more difficult to access and maintain.
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24th Summer Research Program for High School Juniors
The High School Summer Research Program begins its 24th year at LLE with 16 high school students investigating real-world problems while being supervised by scientists and engineers at the Laboratory. Shown is Aimee Owens along with her advisor, system scientist Tanya Kosc, at a liquid crystal circular polarizer (LCP). Tasked with identifying and testing possible degradation mechanisms, she is being shown the test fixture and technique for measuring the LCP's in situ in the OMEGA Laser Bay.
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Ultrafast Optical Parametric Amplifier
A picosecond-pumped ultrafast optical parametric amplifier (UOPA) has been deployed on OMEGA EP to enhance temporal contrast and to support additional user experiments. Seen here working on one of the UOPA's in the Laser Development Laboratory are senior research engineer Rick Roides (left) and senior scientist Christophe Dorrer (right).
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Riccardo Betti Honored with DOE Award
On 21 May 2012 in Washington DC, Dr. Riccardo Betti accepted the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award from Department of Energy Secretary Steven Chu for research in fusion and plasma sciences. The E.O. Lawrence Award honors scientists for their exceptional contributions in research and development in support of the Department of Energy. Dr. Betti is Professor and Director of the Fusion Science Center of Extreme States of Matter and Fast Ignition, University of Rochester, and Assistant Director for Academic Affairs at LLE. In 2009, he was awarded the Edward Teller medal for pioneering research and leadership in inertial fusion sciences and applications.
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Multiple-FM Smoothing by Spectral Dispersion (Multi-FM SSD)
The Laboratory for Laser Energetics is a world leader in developing smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD) which has been shown to be critical for the success of direct-drive target implosions. The latest innovation is this prototype Multi-FM SSD system for the National Ignition Facility (NIF), which has been integrated into the OMEGA EP Laser System. The modified OMEGA EP beamline allows for experimental validation of this novel beam-smoothing capability before its implementation onto the NIF Laser System.
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NIF Preamplifier Module Update
Since its introduction in the 21 May 2008 Quick Shot, the National Ignition Facility (NIF) preamplifier module (PAM), shown here installed in the OMEGA EP Sources Bay, has been used to test Multi-FM 1-D smoothing by spectral dispersion (SSD), a beam-smoothing technique that will be implemented on the NIF. At the PAM is Laser Sources Engineer Albert Consentino.
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Multilayer-Dielectric Diffraction Gratings
Multilayer dielectric (MLD) diffraction gratings, used in OMEGA EP's pulse compressors, must be cleaned with aggressive chemicals to remove manufacturing residues. Here, Horton Fellow Heather Howard uses Nomarski differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy to inspect an MLD grating coupon for defects and mechanical damage following chemical cleaning.
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Fourth Omega Laser Facility
Users Group WorkshopThe Fourth Omega Laser Facility Users Group Workshop, held 25–27 April 2012, attracted over 100 researchers from 19 universities, 18 centers and laboratories, and 9 foreign countries. The purpose of the workshop is to facilitate a continuing dialog among the individual users and between the users and LLE. Most of the 75 contributed presentations were given by the 50 Ph.D. students and postdocs in attendance. The next workshop will be held 24–26 April 2013, with an Omega users meeting at APS on 30 October 2012. More information about the Omega Facility Users Group can be found here.
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View OMEGA from the Visitors Gallery
Maintaining the OMEGA Laser System requires a highly trained staff, especially with over 4,500 optics, 216 amplifiers, 6,672 flash lamps, and approximately 12 miles of high-voltage PFN cable. This view shows Amplifier Technician Josh Reindl accessing the flash lamps in one of the 60 beamlines. Flash lamps, which are used to stimulate the laser pulse as it travels, require periodic inspection. They are modular and can be replaced in between laser shots if necessary.
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Multichannel Electron Spectrometer
The Osaka University electron spectrometer (OU-ESM) measures fast electrons produced during fast-ignition experiments. Developed by a group headed by Professor Kazuo Tanaka at the Institute of Laser Engineering, Japan, it is a ten-inch manipulator–based diagnostic for the OMEGA target chamber. The OU-ESM is capable of measuring escaping electrons with different view angles covering 25° in 5° increments, over a few tens-of-MeV detection range with high-energy resolution. A very strong magnetic field (4.5 kilogauss between the poles) disperses the electron spectrum onto an image plate detector.
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Understanding Adhesives
at Cryogenic TemperaturesAdhesives play an increasingly important role in cryogenic experiments. To better understand their effectiveness at these temperatures, Mackenzie Hall is shown mounting a sample of an adhesive into a dynamic mechanical analyzer. This instrument not only tests the properties of the adhesive at these very cold temperatures as a function of applied vibrational frequencies, but also determines their upper fatigue limit when used to attach cryogenic pellets to their stalks.
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Streaked Optical Pyrometer Upgrade
The streak camera upgrade for the streaked optical pyrometer (SOP) system has been completed. Located in the OMEGA target bay, the SOP cabinet houses the Rochester Optical Streak System (ROSS) shown in its base.The SOP detects self-emission from materials that are compressed by laser-driven shocks and is used to infer temperatures of compressed samples under study. Initial experiments indicate that use of the ROSS provided a higher signal-to-noise ratio than the previous system.
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Transporting Cryogenic Targets
In preparation for cryogenic target shots, the area below the OMEGA Target Bay is dedicated to 5,000-lb carts which travel on air from their fill transfer station. Four of the moving cryostat transfer carts (MCTC's) are shown ready for docking with the target chamber during a recent campaign. With MCTC Operations Engineer, Vera Versteeg, at one of the displays, real-time imaging of the cryogenically cooled target (maintained at 19.5 K) is possible.
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View OMEGA from the Visitors Gallery
A view of the OMEGA Target Bay displays many uncommon, mystifying, and sometimes moving objects. As shown, the crane is being used to carry a large, torpedo-shaped instrument to the OMEGA target chamber. Although high-speed cameras look similar, the parabola alignment diagnostic (PAD), carefully handled by Harold Beck, is used to align and optimize the short-pulse optics. Built in-house, the PAD provides submicron measurements with an internal pointing camera and wavefront sensor.
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Summer High School Research Program Participant Named Intel Semifinalist
Patricia Olson (right) was named a semifinalist in the 2012 Intel Science Talent Search. Olson, advised by Dr. Stephen Craxton (left), is a student at Brighton High School. She optimized beam configurations for shock-ignition experiments on both OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility. The Science Talent Search is often referred to as the "Junior Nobel Prize" and is the nation's oldest and most prestigious pre-college science competition. Since its inception in 1989, LLE's summer research program has produced 30 semifinalists and 4 finalists. Application forms for the 2012 program will be available in early February.
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Safety and Laser Upgrades
Although periodic safety inspections are carried out at the Omega Laser Facility, special attention to safety is paid to any major upgrades within the systems. Shown is Matt Moore (left) describing the upgrade of OMEGA EP's infrared alignment table to Doug Jacobs-Perkins, LLE's Chief Safety Officer.
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Fill/Transfer Station Upgrade
LLE continues to make strides in pursuit of the perfectly formed target. Introduced in a previous Quick Shot (05/09/11), the shroud cooler has been installed in Fill/ Transfer Station 1 (FTS-1). Accessing the chamber in which targets are filled with hydrogen isotopes is infrequent and requires complicated efforts to carry it out. Under the dome is Mark Romanofsky fine-tuning the installation of the shroud cooler and guide rail plates.
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OMEGA Data Capture on Film
Photographic film continues to be a source for recording experimental results. After processing raw film data, Stephanie Dent is shown inspecting a two-inch-round piece of film used in an x-ray pinhole camera. When requested, these data are then scanned for further evaluation.
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Undergraduate Work at LLE
There are currently 80 graduate students and 43 undergraduates at LLE. Shown is Debra Saulnier positioning a sample with the materials lab's NMR instrument. Debra has worked at LLE while attending the University's undergraduate program and is currently a doctoral candidate in the Chemical Engineering Department. Her work includes the synthesis of photoactive chiral and non-chiral near-IR transition-metal complexes and photoswitchable liquid crystal alignment layers for device applications in laser systems.
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Inside the OMEGA EP Target Chamber
The ten-foot-diameter OMEGA EP target chamber continues to be populated with various diagnostics and other equipment. Two 4ω probe wells (entrance tubes) were recently installed, one of which is seen in the center of the image just below a ten-inch manipulator (TIM-14) used to maneuver diagnostics into the target chamber. Shown is Jeff Rodas working on TIM-12.
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Planar Cryogenic Targets
within Moving CryostatsPlanar cryogenic targets are transported within moving cryostats that are also used to position targets before they are shot by the OMEGA laser. A planar cryogenic target with its capillary fill tube is shown sitting atop its transport structures awaiting docking to the lower pylon on the OMEGA target chamber.
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Ultra-Broadband Front-End Project
The pulse stretcher for the ultra-broadband front-end project, partially visible in the lower left, uses two gratings and cylindrical Öffner mirrors to stretch 200-nm pulses to 750 ps before they are amplified. Shown are Matt Millecchia and Jake Bromage positioning the stretcher optics using the Faro arm before fine alignment.
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Diagnosing OMEGA EP Pulse Shapes
The heart of the ROSS (Rochester Optical Streak System) cameras is the streak tube. Shown here is the 2-ps-time-resolution P820 streak tube manufactured by Photonis (Brive, France). This tube will be packaged into the UROSS camera and used to diagnose the pulse shape on the OMEGA EP short-pulse beamlines.
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Improving Laser Damage Thresholds
A new photoalignment process is being developed to produce liquid crystal (LC) devices. These devices will have substantially higher 1054-nm laser damage thresholds (between 30–40 J/cm2, at 1 ns) than those currently deployed in the OMEGA laser (e.g., LC wave plates ) that use buffed Nylon alignment coatings. Marisa Vargas is shown installing fused silica plates into a Brewster's angle pile-of-plates polarizer assembly that will be used to generate linearly polarized UV light for fabrication of large-aperture, photoaligned liquid crystal devices.
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2011 Summer High School Research Program
The High School Summer Research Program just completed its 23rd year at LLE with 16 high school students investigating real-world problems while being supervised by scientists and engineers at the Laboratory. Shown is Madeline Rutan of Penfield High School holding a glass sample with which she examines abrasion-resistant sol-gel coatings. Her research advisor was Ken Marshall.
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Cone-in-Shell Target
This target, with a plastic spherical shell of diameter 860 µm, and a gold cone with an opening diameter of 3.5 mm, is used to study the Rayleigh–Taylor instability in spherical implosions. During the experiment, the shell is imaged by x-ray radiography using a Tantalum-foil backlighter irradiated by six OMEGA beams. The shell is doped with silicon of various concentrations to investigate the effect of radiation preheating on the dynamics of laser-imprinted perturbations.
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View OMEGA from the Visitors Gallery
A view of the OMEGA Target Bay displays many uncommon, and sometimes mystifying, structures. For example, the center structure seen here houses a 10-ft-wide, spherical vacuum chamber designed to implode a target the size of a grain of sand. Although typically unseen, such targets must be manually introduced into the chamber. This image shows one of the targets being inserted into its positioner before being transported to the center of the chamber.
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Machining NIF Diagnostics
Starting with a 53-lb block of aluminum, Ron Callari machined a spectrometer body weighing 5.5 lbs. These casings will house four x-ray Bragg crystals for use in the Supersnout II diagnostic. Designed at LLE, two identical instruments will be assembled, inspected, calibrated, and shipped to the National Ignition Facility for use on the National Ignition Campaign and in High-Energy-Density Physics experiments.
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Product Quality Assurance Tool
Many components and assemblies used at LLE require very high precision manufacturing tolerances. Here, Tim Clark uses a portable coordinate measuring arm to acquire 3-dimensional, point-to-point measurements of a deformable mirror. This is one of several instruments available to verify incoming product quality by performing fast and in-depth inspections, CAD-to-part analysis, and reverse engineering.
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Upper and Lower Cryo Shrouds
Continued improvements in the delivery of cryogenic targets to the center of the OMEGA target chamber have led to upgraded upper and lower thermal shrouds shown here. Housed in the moving cryostat transport cart, the lower shroud protects, cools, and positions the mounted target. During experimental operations, the upper shroud is quickly removed from near the target by a high-velocity retractor just prior to the shot.
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LLE Diagnostics
at the National Ignition FacilityThe south pole bang-time detector, one of several diagnostics designed and fabricated by LLE specifically for the National Ignition Facility (NIF), is shown here inside the NIF target chamber. This detector is used to determine the time of peak x-ray emission emanating from an imploded capsule along the hohlraum axis. Such information is essential in understanding the hydrodynamic response of fusion targets to the applied laser drive.
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Third Omega Facility
Users Group workshopThe third Omega Laser Facility Users Group Workshop, held 27-29 April 2011, attracted over 115 researchers from 15 universities, 14 centers and laboratories, and 13 countries. The purpose of the workshop was to facilitate a continuing dialog among the individual users and between the users and LLE. Most of the 57 contributed presentations were given by the 50 students and postdoctoral candidates in attendance. The next workshop will be held 25-27 April 2012.
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Fill/Transfer Station Shroud Cooler
The shroud cooler is used in the Fill/Transfer Station (FTS) as part of the cryogenic layering system. It is used to remove and keep the upper shroud cold during the target transfer process. This piece of equipment was fabricated in-house and will be installed in the FTS-1 upgrade when it goes down for maintenance.
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Hubble News Team Visits LLE
A crew from the Space Telescope Science Institute visited LLE to follow up on findings from NLUF experiments carried out on the Omega Laser Facility. These high-energy-density physics experiments have been used to replicate astrophysical phenomena observed by the Hubble Space Telescope.
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Magnetized ICF Targets
Various coil designs have been utilized in experiments with magnetized ICF targets using the magnetic field generator MIFEDS. Shown are four different coil shapes, ranging in size from 6 to 16 mm, superimposed on an image of a target shot (OMEGA S/N 59300) which utilized one of these coils. Inside the target chamber, the shot image measures about 0.9 m across. Additional information on the system may be found in this Around the Lab article.
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First International Workshop
on ICF Shock IgnitionSponsored by LLE, the first International Workshop on ICF Shock Ignition was held on 8–10 March 2011. Representatives from institutions worldwide interested in shock ignition visited LLE to discuss the current status of a variety of topics, including: facility forecasts; target design and simulations; and the effects of laser–plasma interactions during a shock-ignition implosion. Plans for the next workshop, to be held in the fall of 2011 at either IFSA or APS, are already underway.
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Integrating Optics
As part of the optics maintenance program, LLE's Optical Manufacturing group monitors and prepares large optics for integration into the Omega Laser Facility. Here, a cluster of three optics undergoes inspection. Nearest the inspector is the vacuum window, followed by the focus lens (center), and the ultraviolet diagnostic beam splitter (UV DBS). The first two optics comprise an OMEGA EP final optics assembly. The UV DBS is used to reflect 4% of the beam to a diagnostic chain.
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South Pole Bang-Time Diagnostic
The south pole bang-time detector is used to determine the bang time along the hohlraum axis as one of the National Ignition Facility's diagnostics used for the National Ignition Campaign. This is essential in understanding the time it takes to illuminate a target and come to a fusion peak. Diamond x-ray detectors and graphite crystal mirrors are enclosed by a Hevimet housing completely fabricated at LLE.
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Spherical Crystal X-ray Imager
LLE has developed a monochromatic x-ray imager for backlit and self-emission plasma imaging at Cu Kα line radiation at 1.541 Å (8.048 keV) . The image is formed by a spherically bent quartz crystal with a diameter of 25 mm and a curvature radius of 500 mm. The crystal acts like a focusing spherical mirror forming an x-ray image with a very good spatial resolution.
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Dr. Eric Toone Visits LLE
Dr. Eric Toone, Deputy Director for Technology for the Advanced Research Projects Agency, recently visited the Laboratory. He is shown in the OMEGA EP viewing gallery where Dr. D. D. Meyerhofer (LLE Deputy Director) and Mr. S. F. B. Morse (Omega Laser Facility Director) are describing the laser system.
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NIF Zirconium Neutron Activation Diagnostic
The zirconium Neutron Activation Diagnostic (Zr-NAD) is one of several diagnostics that have been developed, designed, and/or engineered by LLE for the National Ignition Campaign. This diagnostic will use nuclear activation of a zirconium foil to measure the primary neutron yield from implosions of DT fuel. The device was designed to place the zirconium foil at a precise distance from the imploding target, resulting in an accurate neutron yield measurement.
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A 2010 LLE Summer High School Research Program Participant Named Intel Semifinalist
Barry Xu (right) was named a semifinalist in the 2011 Intel Science Talent Search. Xu, advised by scientist Suxing Hu (left), is a student at Brighton High School. He worked on an improved model for the transfer of energy between electrons and ions in LLE's implosion experiments. The Science Talent Search is often referred to as the "Junior Nobel Prize" and is the country's most prestigious science scholarship competition. Since its inception in 1989, LLE's summer research program has produced 29 semifinalists and 4 finalists. Application forms for the 2011 program will be available on this Website in early February.
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Optical Society of America and American Physical Society Annual Meeting attendees visit LLE
The annual meetings of the Optical Society of America and the American Physical Society Division of Laser Science occurred in Rochester, New York. Visitors from 17 countries attending OSA's Frontiers in Optics 2010 and DLS's Laser Science XXVI toured LLE on the day after the joint conference to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the laser.
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SPIE interviews LLE Director Dr. Robert L. McCrory on the 50th anniversary of the Laser.
SPIE conducted a video interview with LLE Director Dr. Robert L. McCrory where he discusses the role of the LLE on the 50th anniversary of the invention of the Laser.
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ICUIL 2010 Conference
Sponsored by LLE, the International Committee on Ultra Intense Lasers (ICUIL) held its 4th biennial meeting in Watkins Glen, New York. Representing 17 countries, 95 of the almost 150 participants are shown with the ICUIL board. ICUIL provides for international collaborative activities in developing the next generation of ultrahigh-intensity lasers.
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Electrostatic Ignition of Flammable Vapors
Thomas Jones, Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Rochester, demonstrates ignition of acetone vapor as part of a presentation to the students in the Summer High School Research Program. Because of the two-second exposure, one sees both the rising fireball and the spark that initiated the ignition.
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2010 High School Summer Research Program
When it comes to safety, those attending the 22nd Annual High School Summer Research Program satisfy the same requirements as every new hire at LLE. Each student is required to satisfactorily complete one or more of the nine safety trainings before beginning participation in the program. Shown is Dr. Walter Shmayda, radiation safety officer, beginning the first of five lectures on radiation safety.
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DOE Under Secretary Koonin Visits LLE
Dr. Steven Koonin, the U. S. Department of Energy Under Secretary for Science, met with the Director, Dr. Robert McCrory, the Associate Director for Operations, Capt. Steven Loucks (USN-Ret), as well as, division directors, scientists, and students during his recent visit to LLE.
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CEA Visit
A team from Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) recently visited LLE to discuss the build progress of the Laser Mégajoule laser system and exchange technical information on thin-film coatings for high-peak-power laser applications. CEA is collaborating with LLE's Optical Manufacturing group on large-area optical coating development for a deformable mirror component.
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Membranes that Respond to Light
Novel gas membranes that demonstrate variable permeability when illuminated with different wavelengths of light have recently been developed at the Optical Materials Laboratory. These are based on light-sensitive liquid crystals, synthesized at LLE, and absorbed into micropores of a thin plastic sheet. Shown is one of the developers, Eric Glowacki, preparing a membrane for testing using a custom-built permeation measurement tool.
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OMEGA Experiment on the Cover of Physics Today
The June 2010 issue of Physics Today magazine includes an article on high-energy-density physics by Paul Drake from the University of Michigan. The front cover features an image taken for his experiment from inside the OMEGA target chamber. Physics Today, the flagship publication of The American Institute of Physics and the most influential and closely followed physics magazine in the world, is delivered to more than 120,000 readers. To see the full article, visit the Physics Today web site.
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Completion of the Off-Axis Parabola Inserter/Manipulator Project
A fisheye view of the OMEGA EP target chamber (with the laser beamlines to the right) shows off the last of the three Off-Axis Parabola Inserter/Manipulators (OAPI/M'S) to be installed at the Omega Laser Facility. Previously highlighted in the 2/01/10 Quick Shot, the Gate Valve Electrical Drive is installed on the upper left side of the gate valve, just left of photograph center. An Off-Axis Parabola, previously shown in the 8/11/08 Quick Shot, is maneuvered by an OAPI/M inside the target chamber.
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Second Omega Laser Facility
Users Group WorkshopThe second Omega Laser Users Group Workshop, held 28-30 April 2010 attracted 115 researchers from 19 universities, 21 Centers and laboratories, and 5 countries. The purpose of the workshop was to facilitate communication and exchanges among the individual users and between the users and LLE. Sixty presentations highlighting on-going and proposed research experiments were given, most of which were presented by the 45 students and postdoctoral candidates in attendance. Plans for the next workshop, to be held 27-29 April 2011, are already underway.
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New Dell Computing Cluster (Cyclone)
The increased computing power of the new Dell computing cluster makes it practical to program hydrodynamic models using a finer resolution than previous systems. Because individual nodes can be taken out of service while the rest of the cluster continues to process jobs, the distributed architecture of the cluster improves reliability. Shown is Tony Brancato performing diagnostic tests on one node of the 72-node cluster.
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First Copper-Welded Planar Cryo Tank
The first application of fusion welding a copper tank has been used in Target Fabrication as enhancements continue to be designed and incorporated into LLE's cryogenic program. The unique technique used in-house to make pressure vessels without seams has been successfully applied to elements of planar cryo. These pressure vessels are used to store the fill gas for a variety of planar cryogenic targets. The upgrade will reduce the amount of maintenance and improve long-term reliability over a larger number of uses. Shown in LLE's machine shop is Dale Guy whose helmet design is illuminated by the weld's intense light.
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Diffraction Grating Microscopy
Atomic Force and Nomarski microscopes are mounted side-by-side on a large gantry to examine the surfaces of large holographic diffraction gratings. Shown in reflection are Charles Kellogg and Kevin McGowan, from the Optics and Imaging Sciences Group, examining a prototype grating manufactured by the Plymouth Grating Laboratory. Accurate characterization of the grating pillars and surface defects is crucial to establishing a manufacturing process leading to laser damage resistant gratings.
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LLE’s Science and Technology
Seminar SeriesThe Science and Technology Seminar series, hosted by LLE for over 25 years, features weekly presentations to LLE staff from experts in their fields. Recently, Tina Oldknow, Curator of Modern Glass at the Corning Museum of Glass, presented a talk on a contemporary art exhibition. She is shown with Jake Bromage who, along with Igor Igumenshchev, have secured speakers for this year. A listing of upcoming and past seminars is available here.
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Summer High School Research Program Participant Named Intel Semifinalist
Harvest Zhang was named semifinalist in the Intel Science Talent Search 2010. Zhang, advised by Lance Lund, is a student at Brighton High School. His research included work on LLE's cryogenic targets. The Science Talent Search is often referred to as the "Junior Nobel Prize" and is the country's most prestigious science scholarship competition. Since its inception in 1989, LLE's Summer Research Program has produced 28 semifinalists and 4 finalists. The deadline for applications to the 2010 Summer Research Program is Wednesday, March 24 at 5 pm.
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The First Production Run of a
Plasma-Assisted CoatingA view through a window in the Optical Manufacturing Group's 72-in. coater shows an optic (SPHR10) in the upper left with plasma and evaporation sources below. Dual-plasma sources are used to provide stress control for optical coatings used in vacuum. The 0.8-m high-reflector mirror is the first production optic coated with the plasma-assist technology at LLE, and it will be used in the short-pulse transport section of OMEGA EP.
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Radiation Hydrodynamics Research
on OMEGAOMEGA is used by many researchers from around the world to perform cutting-edge research and to train highly talented students. Shown are Carolyn Kuranz, Research Scientist, and Christine Krauland, Doctoral Student, from the University of Michigan's Center for Radiative Shock Hydrodynamics (CRASH). Under the guidance of R. Paul Drake, these researchers routinely perform experiments in support of their program.
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Gate Valve Electrical Drive
The Gate Valve Electrical Drive (GVED) was recently developed at LLE. The GVED improves safety by removing the air cylinder's stored energy potential and prevents possible sudden changes in physical location. Although the required power to run the drive is less than 15 mW, the GVED produces 2910 ft-lb of torque. For comparison, a heavy-duty-series 600HP tractor-trailer produces only 1850 ft-lb of torque.
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DOE/LLE Counterintelligence Program
To assist LLE in forging an invigorated Counterintelligence Program we announce that the Brookhaven Field Office, which serves the DOE's Northeast Region, will be represented by Deputy Senior Counterintelligence Officer Phillip V. Sarcione, Senior Counterintelligence Officer Randy M. Biegelman, and Counterintelligence Officer Paul M. Moskal, pictured respectively above.
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Cryogenic Fill-Tube Target for
Fast Ignition ExperimentsA 900-µm-diameter polymer target with an embedded gold cone is filled with liquid D2 via a thin support tube connected to a fuel reservoir (left). The target will be studied in the Cryogenic Fill-Tube Target Facility. The objective is to form a uniformly-thick 100-µm solid fuel layer on the inside of the plastic capsule by overcoming the thermal distortion caused by the gold cone.
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Components for the
Moving Cryostat UpgradeGold-plated copper components for the Moving Cryostat Upgrade have highly polished surfaces to create a low surface emissivity. This reduces the radiation heat load to the cold head and reduces the need for multi-layer insulation.
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Nuclear Diagnostic Inserters
The Nuclear Diagnostic Inserter (NDI) is used in conjunction with the Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer to insert CD or CH foils, which provide a particle spectrum that is used to infer target areal density. These new NDI's will be used to insert wedged range filter modules for various experiments.
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Top NNSA Official Visits LLE
Brigadier General Garrett Harencak, NNSA principal assistant deputy administrator for military application, toured the Omega Laser Facility less than one week after researchers highlighted recent advances in NNSA-sponsored high-energy-density physics research at the 51st Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society, Division of Plasma Physics (APS/DPP).
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OMEGA EP Sidelighter
Mechanical AssemblyThe mechanical assembly of the antechamber on the OMEGA EP sidelighter has been completed. Shown is a partially assembled service trailer that includes two cable carriers. The first carrier allows the trailer and second carrier to travel half way. The trailer then stops where the second carrier extends, allowing the OAPI-M to reach its position inside the OMEGA EP target chamber.
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International Laser Operations Workshop
LLE hosted the 7th International Laser Operations Workshop in October 2009. Laser operations staff from the major U.S., U.K., and French laboratories exchanged ideas to address common issues and safety concerns, and collaborated to develop best practices to benefit all Laser Facilities. Delegates from LLNL, LANL, SNL, AWE, RAL, CEA, and LULI participated.
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Amplifier Housings Light Up as OMEGA EP Fires
Looking southwest from the target area structure, amplifier housings are lit as OMEGA EP's four beams fire. With no bay lights on, the beamline structures are illuminated by the flash of light that energizes the laser amplifiers. The grating compressor chamber can be seen in the shadows at the right.
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Summer High School Research Program
Participants in the 2009 LLE Summer High School Research Program with program director, Dr. Stephen Craxton. The Summer High School Research Program challenges high school students to explore research topics and careers under the tutelage of LLE scientists, engineers, and staff in a state-of-the-art environment. This year's program concluded last month with student presentations of their results at a symposium in the laboratory.
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Grating Photomask
Colorful spectral dispersion is observed through diffraction from a multilayer-dielectric grating. Several large-aperture diffraction gratings are used to compress the pulse width of the OMEGA EP short-pulse laser beams. LLE is investigating high-damage-threshold grating designs and manufacturing processes to increase the energy delivered to target.
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OMEGA EP Grating Inspection System
The final phase of installing the Grating Inspection System is shown inside OMEGA EP's Grating Compression Chamber. Two GIS systems will be used to perform detection scans of damage sites on both upper and lower tiled-grating assemblies fourth TGA. The image of TGA1 (left) is shown reflected off the Fizeau Selection Mirror (right).
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Touring LLE
Students taking a tour of LLE look at the OMEGA EP Laser Bay from the Viewing Gallery. The students are working on the Multi-Channel Carbon Counter and studying under Dr. Stephen Padalino of SUNY Genesseo.
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All Eyes on OMEGA EP
A panoramic view shown in 360 degrees of the OMEGA EP Target Bay facing the Target Area Structure.
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Evaluating the Grating Tile
Full-aperture interferometry is an essential tool in characterizing large-aperture optics for OMEGA and OMEGA EP components. A grating tile manufactured by Plymouth Grating Laboratory (PGL) is shown being aligned for evaluation on a Zygo 18-in. phase-shifting interferometer and is also seen in the high-reflector, flat mirror.
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Fabricating the Multi-Channel Carbon Counter
After being poured into a form for the counter's side shield, molten lead at 800°F is shown being "puddled," a process originally used to make steel from pig iron. During the process, cooled lead is heated, or torched in this case, liquifying it to sink and fill in any trapped air holes. At the same time, additional molten lead is being added to maintain the volume.
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Dual Plasma Source System
The dual plasma source system is used in conjunction with an electron-beam deposition process in order to densify coatings and modify film stress, resulting in coatings with broad environmental stability. This process is currently under development in the Optical Manufacturing Group at LLE, and is shown here being tested with an argon plasma in the 72-inch coating chamber.
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First Omega Laser Facility Users Group Workshop
The first Omega Laser Users Group Workshop, held April 29 – May 1, 2009 attracted 110 researchers from 29 universities and laboratories and four countries. The purpose of the workshop was to facilitate communication and exchanges among the individual users and between the users and LLE. Almost fifty presentations highlighting on-going and proposed research experiments were given, most of which were presented by the thirty-two students and postdoctoral candidates in attendance.
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LLE Featured in National Geographic
National Geographic magazine's special issue: Energy for Tomorrow: Repowering the Planet features an image from inside the OMEGA target chamber during a target shot. Repowering the Planet focuses on the current energy landscape and what it might look like in the future.
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NLUF Jet Target
Photograph taken inside the OMEGA target chamber during an NLUF experiment led by a team from MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center. Employing proton radiography, the experiment studied jet formation using the target featured in the Quick Shot posted 3/25/09.
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LLE Blood Drive
The LLE held a blood drive for the Red Cross. In all, 43 employees presented themselves for blood donation, resulting in more than double the expectation of usable units of blood.
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NLUF Jet Target
A target used for an OMEGA NLUF experiment carried out by a team from MIT's Plasma Science and Fusion Center to study jet formation using proton radiography. The large, 20-mm-diameter, conical structure is used to shield the diagnostic systems from x-ray radiation generated by the laser beams that are used to form the jet in the foam cylinder behind the cone.
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Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer
An LLE Laboratory Engineer and MIT graduate student remove the proton-sensitive recording media from the Magnetic Recoil Spectrometer, the primary fuel compression diagnostic for OMEGA cryogenic DT experiments.
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Discovery Channel at LLE
A crew from the Discovery Channel prepares to film in the OMEGA Laser Bay. The director of photography is crouched down looking at the real-time feed, and the motion-control operator raises the camera into the air with the sound technician next to him.
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OMAN's Last NIF Polarizer Run
The last of the spare NIF polarizer optics are coated in the 72-inch chamber. This marks the completion of an eight-year NIF large-optic coating production phase.
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Two 2008 LLE Summer High School Research Program Participants Named Intel Semifinalists
Rachel Kurchin and Jay Amin were named semifinalists in the Intel Science Talent Search 2009. Kurchin, shown left with advisors Stephen Craxton and Mark Wittman, is a student at The Harley School. Amin, shown right with advisor Christophe Dorrer, is a student at Rush Henrietta Senior High School. The Science Talent Search is often referred to as the "Junior Nobel Prize" and is the country's most prestigious science scholarship competition.
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First Joint OMEGA EP Experiments Between LLE and CEA/DIF
Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA) team (left to right: Oliver Landoas, Jean-Luc Bourgade, and Cédric Courtois from DAM lle de France, Bruyères le Châtel) participating on the first joint experiments on OMEGA EP for characterizing MeV photon generation under short pulse (0.6 ps) and powerful (0.5 PW) laser irradiation on a solid target (Au).
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Neutron Time-of-Flight Detector in Fabrication
The lower housing of a neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detector is shown shortly after being machined at LLE. The completed nTOF detector will be used to obtain ion temperatures from integrated fast-ignition experiments on OMEGA.
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Radiative Shock Hydrodynamics Experiments
A team from the University of Michigan carried out experiments on radiative shock hydrodynamics on OMEGA in October
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OMEGA EP Raises the Bar for Short-Pulse Energy on Target
On September 16, 2008, an OMEGA EP beamline irradiated a target with an energy of 1415 J in an 11-ps laser pulse. This energy is more than a factor of two higher than any previously obtained with a short-pulse laser system.
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Inertial Confinement Fusion: An Introduction
The LLE has created a book for readers of all backgrounds to learn about and share the excitement of inertial fusion research. Visit the Publications page for more details and to download a copy.
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Summer Research Program
High school student Rachel Kurchin (The Harley School) examines a spherical target inside a glass hohlraum. Rachel is one of 15 students participating in this year's LLE Summer High School Research Program. See next month's Around the Lab section for an in-depth look at the students' projects.
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Off-Axis Parabolic Optic
The off-axis parabolic optic was installed onto the off-axis parabola inserter/manipulator at OMEGA port H7. The optic was installed for joint OMEGA and OMEGA EP shots in support of advanced ignition development.
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OMEGA EP Sidelighter Path is Active
The second set of beam-delivery optics to the OMEGA EP target chamber was aligned and initial target shots were taken during the week of June 30. The OMEGA EP target chamber is shown illuminated by the second-harmonic (527-nm-wavelength) green light generated when the high-intensity (> 100 J in a 10-ps pulse) infrared laser hit the target. The final focusing optic, an off-axis parabola, is seen on the right-hand side of the image.
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OMEGA EP Large Aperture Grating Tiling Development Team
A view of the entire OMEGA EP upper compressor inside the grating compressor chamber (GCC). The four tiled-grating assemblies (TGA's) are prominent in the right half of the picture. In the inset is the team that fielded two full-scale tiled-grating compressors in the GCC on OMEGA EP. Both compressors achieved less than 1ps pulse width.
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Captain Steven J. Loucks Retires
On Monday, June 23, 2008, coworkers and friends gathered to celebrate the retirement of Captain Steven J. Loucks, Deputy Director of the Laboratory, Director of the Engineering Division, and OMEGA Facility Director. Loucks has been with LLE since 1990.
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NIF Preamplifier Module (PAM) Arrives at LLE
The NIF PAM arrived at LLE for integration into the OMEGA EP Laser System